(PHP 4 >= 4.3.0, PHP 5, PHP 7)
mb_strtolower — Met tous les caractères en minuscules
Description
Retourne la chaîne str après avoir converti tous les caractères alphabétiques en minuscules.
Liste de paramètres
La chaîne à mettre en minuscule.
Le paramètre encoding est l’encodage des caractères. S’il est omis, l’encodage de caractères interne sera utilisé.
Valeurs de retour
Retourne la chaîne str dont tous les caractères alphabétiques ont été mis en minuscule.
Unicode
Pour plus d’informations sur les propriétés de l’Unicode, voyez » http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr21/.
Contrairement à strtolower() , le concept de caractère ‘alphabétique’ est déterminé par les propriétés Unicode. De ce fait, le comportement de cette fonction n’est pas modifié par les configurations locales, et elle peut convertir tout les caractères qui sont considérés comme alphabétiques comme le c cédille (ç).
Exemples
Exemple #1 Exemple avec mb_strtolower()
Exemple #2 Exemple avec mb_strtolower() avec du texte UTF-8 non latin
Voir aussi
- mb_strtoupper() — Met tous les caractères en majuscules
- mb_convert_case() — Modifie la casse d’une chaîne
- strtolower() — Renvoie une chaîne en minuscules
User Contributed Notes 6 notes
Note that mb_strtolower() is very SLOW, if you have a database connection, you may want to use it to convert your strings to lower case. Even latin1/9 (iso-8859-1/15) and other encodings are possible.
Have a look at my simple benchmark:
= "Lörem ipßüm dölör ßit ämet, cönßectetüer ädipißcing elit. Sed ligülä. Präeßent jüßtö tellüß, grävidä eü, tempüß ä, mättiß nön, örci. Näm qüiß lörem. Näm äliqüet elit ßed elit. Phäßellüß venenätiß jüßtö eget enim. Dönec nißl. Pröin mättiß venenätiß jüßtö. Sed äliqüäm pörtä örci. Cräß elit nißl, cönvälliß qüiß, tincidünt ät, vehicülä äccümßän, ödiö. Sed möleßtie. Etiäm mölliß feügiät elit. Veßtibülüm änte ipßüm primiß in fäücibüß örci lüctüß et ültriceß pößüere cübiliä Cüräe; Mäecenäß nön nüllä." ;
// mb_strtolower()
$timeMB = microtime ( true );
for( $i = 0 ; $i 30000 ; $i ++)
$lower = mb_strtolower ( " $text /no-cache- $i " );
$timeMB = microtime ( true ) — $timeMB ;
// MySQL lower()
$timeSQL = microtime ( true );
mysql_query ( "set names latin1" );
for( $i = 0 ; $i 30000 ; $i ++) <
$r = mysql_fetch_row ( mysql_query ( "select lower(‘ $text /no-cache- $i ‘)" ));
$lower = $r [ 0 ];
>
$timeSQL = microtime ( true ) — $timeSQL ;
echo "mb: " . sprintf ( "%.5f" , $timeMB ). " sek.
" ;
echo "sql: " . sprintf ( "%.5f" , $timeSQL ). " sek.
" ;
// Result on my notebook:
// mb: 11.50642 sek.
// sql: 5.44143 sek.
Please, note that when using with UTF-8 mb_strtolower will only convert upper case characters to lower case which are marked with the Unicode property "Upper case letter" ("Lu"). However, there are also letters such as "Letter numbers" (Unicode property "Nl") that also have lower case and upper case variants. These characters will not be converted be mb_strtolower!
Example:
The Roman letters Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, . Ⅿ (UTF-8 code points 8544 through 8559) also exist in their respective lower case variants ⅰ, ⅱ, ⅲ, . ⅿ (UTF-8 code points 8560 through 8575) and should, in my opinion, also be converted by mb_strtolower, but they are not!
Big internet-companies (like Google) do match both variants as semantically equal (since the representations only differ in case).
Since I was not finding any proper solution in the internet on how to map all UTF8-strings to their lowercase counterpart in PHP, I offer the following hard-coded extended mb_strtolower function for UTF-8 strings:
The function wraps the existing function mb_strtolower() and additionally replaces uppercase UTF8-characters for which there is a lowercase representation. Since there is no proper Unicode uppercase and lowercase character-table in the internet that I was able to find, I checked the first million UTF8-characters against the Google-search and -KeywordTool and identified the following 78 characters as uppercase-characters, not being replaced by mb_strtolower, but having a UTF8 lowercase counterpart.
//the numbers in the in-line-comments display the characters’ Unicode code-points (CP).
function strtolower_utf8_extended ( $utf8_string )
<
$additional_replacements = array
( "Dž" => "dž" // 453 -> 454
, "Lj" => "lj" // 456 -> 457
, "Nj" => "nj" // 459 -> 460
, "Dz" => "dz" // 498 -> 499
, "Ϸ" => "ϸ" // 1015 -> 1016
, "Ϲ" => "ϲ" // 1017 -> 1010
, "Ϻ" => "ϻ" // 1018 -> 1019
, "ᾈ" => "ᾀ" // 8072 -> 8064
, "ᾉ" => "ᾁ" // 8073 -> 8065
, "ᾊ" => "ᾂ" // 8074 -> 8066
, "ᾋ" => "ᾃ" // 8075 -> 8067
, "ᾌ" => "ᾄ" // 8076 -> 8068
, "ᾍ" => "ᾅ" // 8077 -> 8069
, "ᾎ" => "ᾆ" // 8078 -> 8070
, "ᾏ" => "ᾇ" // 8079 -> 8071
, "ᾘ" => "ᾐ" // 8088 -> 8080
, "ᾙ" => "ᾑ" // 8089 -> 8081
, "ᾚ" => "ᾒ" // 8090 -> 8082
, "ᾛ" => "ᾓ" // 8091 -> 8083
, "ᾜ" => "ᾔ" // 8092 -> 8084
, "ᾝ" => "ᾕ" // 8093 -> 8085
, "ᾞ" => "ᾖ" // 8094 -> 8086
, "ᾟ" => "ᾗ" // 8095 -> 8087
, "ᾨ" => "ᾠ" // 8104 -> 8096
, "ᾩ" => "ᾡ" // 8105 -> 8097
, "ᾪ" => "ᾢ" // 8106 -> 8098
, "ᾫ" => "ᾣ" // 8107 -> 8099
, "ᾬ" => "ᾤ" // 8108 -> 8100
, "ᾭ" => "ᾥ" // 8109 -> 8101
, "ᾮ" => "ᾦ" // 8110 -> 8102
, "ᾯ" => "ᾧ" // 8111 -> 8103
, "ᾼ" => "ᾳ" // 8124 -> 8115
, "ῌ" => "ῃ" // 8140 -> 8131
, "ῼ" => "ῳ" // 8188 -> 8179
, "Ⅰ" => "ⅰ" // 8544 -> 8560
, "Ⅱ" => "ⅱ" // 8545 -> 8561
, "Ⅲ" => "ⅲ" // 8546 -> 8562
, "Ⅳ" => "ⅳ" // 8547 -> 8563
, "Ⅴ" => "ⅴ" // 8548 -> 8564
, "Ⅵ" => "ⅵ" // 8549 -> 8565
, "Ⅶ" => "ⅶ" // 8550 -> 8566
, "Ⅷ" => "ⅷ" // 8551 -> 8567
, "Ⅸ" => "ⅸ" // 8552 -> 8568
, "Ⅹ" => "ⅹ" // 8553 -> 8569
, "Ⅺ" => "ⅺ" // 8554 -> 8570
, "Ⅻ" => "ⅻ" // 8555 -> 8571
, "Ⅼ" => "ⅼ" // 8556 -> 8572
, "Ⅽ" => "ⅽ" // 8557 -> 8573
, "Ⅾ" => "ⅾ" // 8558 -> 8574
, "Ⅿ" => "ⅿ" // 8559 -> 8575
, "Ⓐ" => "ⓐ" // 9398 -> 9424
, "Ⓑ" => "ⓑ" // 9399 -> 9425
, "Ⓒ" => "ⓒ" // 9400 -> 9426
, "Ⓓ" => "ⓓ" // 9401 -> 9427
, "Ⓔ" => "ⓔ" // 9402 -> 9428
, "Ⓕ" => "ⓕ" // 9403 -> 9429
, "Ⓖ" => "ⓖ" // 9404 -> 9430
, "Ⓗ" => "ⓗ" // 9405 -> 9431
, "Ⓘ" => "ⓘ" // 9406 -> 9432
, "Ⓙ" => "ⓙ" // 9407 -> 9433
, "Ⓚ" => "ⓚ" // 9408 -> 9434
, "Ⓛ" => "ⓛ" // 9409 -> 9435
, "Ⓜ" => "ⓜ" // 9410 -> 9436
, "Ⓝ" => "ⓝ" // 9411 -> 9437
, "Ⓞ" => "ⓞ" // 9412 -> 9438
, "Ⓟ" => "ⓟ" // 9413 -> 9439
, "Ⓠ" => "ⓠ" // 9414 -> 9440
, "Ⓡ" => "ⓡ" // 9415 -> 9441
, "Ⓢ" => "ⓢ" // 9416 -> 9442
, "Ⓣ" => "ⓣ" // 9417 -> 9443
, "Ⓤ" => "ⓤ" // 9418 -> 9444
, "Ⓥ" => "ⓥ" // 9419 -> 9445
, "Ⓦ" => "ⓦ" // 9420 -> 9446
, "Ⓧ" => "ⓧ" // 9421 -> 9447
, "Ⓨ" => "ⓨ" // 9422 -> 9448
, "Ⓩ" => "ⓩ" // 9423 -> 9449
, "��" => "��" // 66598 -> 66638
, "��" => "��" // 66599 -> 66639
);
$utf8_string = mb_strtolower ( $utf8_string , "UTF-8" );
$utf8_string = strtr ( $utf8_string , $additional_replacements );
return $utf8_string ;
> //strtolower_utf8_extended()
i have a vps server i installed nginx + php-fpm now i have a problem with mb_strtolower() function this is my php info pleas goto this adress to see my php info
how to fix this error?
4 Answers 4
You need to install the PHP multibyte extension ("mbstring") as described here.
Search in your php.ini for this line:
And change it to:
Building on the answers from Phil Rykoff and omeinusch: this is my configure line to build php from source to support reportico 3.2 on php 5.4.43 / Centos 7.1.1503
—enable-mbstring is pertinent to this question.
(—with-gd required from image handling (also needed yum install libpng-devel to avoid missing png.h message))
Then needed to set the following in php.ini:
If you’re using cPanel hosting, you can go to PHP Selector and check the "mbstring" feature. It worked for me.
Comments
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jcamachott commented Aug 25, 2016
Hi I get this error when I edit a resource, click on Permissions, then click the Add button. I guess this has something to do with my version of PHP? (I’m using 5.4.35)
Fatal error: Call to undefined function mb_strtolower() in /home/XXXXXX/public_html/staging/core/components/admintools/processors/mgr/permissions/getprincipals.class.php on line 10
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sergant210 commented Aug 25, 2016
mbstring extension is disabled. I forgot about it. Fixed. But you need to update getprincipals.class.php manually. I can’t get access to the adminTools page to upload the package.
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jcamachott commented Aug 25, 2016 •
Thanks Sergey. It’s not urgent. I just wanted to see how that section works. I’ll wait till the package is updated.